Global food prices remain high, volatile affecting poorest countries the most

Global food prices remain high and volatile, hitting the poorest countries hardest and adding to the strains facing the global economy, according to the World Bank Group’s new Food Price Watch.
While the Bank’s food price index has dropped by five per cent from its February 2011 peak and dipped marginally in September by one per cent, it remains 19 per cent above its September 2010 levels.
According to Food Price Watch, a quarterly report, recent floods in Thailand-the worst in 50 years-may add uncertainty in the short run following estimated production losses of between 16 to 24 per cent of total production. In the meantime, the food crisis in the Horn of Africa continues, affecting over 13.3 million people in the region–an additional million since August, and the outlook remains frightening.
The report said prices of grains rose by 30 per cent (September 2010–September 2011), with maize increasing by 43 per cent, rice by 26 per cent and wheat 16 per cent. Soybean oil went up by 26 per cent. Over the last quarter, however, an increase of three per cent in the price of grains was roughly offset by a three per cent decline in the prices of fats and oils.
Volatility, which is higher in low income countries, is expected to persist in the medium term due to multiple global and domestic factors. Structural factors contributing to the volatility include rising populations and changing diets, increasingly intertwined relations between food and energy prices, and increasing production of bio-fuels.
On the other hand, a favourable outlook on supply and stocks is likely to relieve some of the pressure on global food prices. Latest forecasts show global wheat stocks reaching a 10-year high in 2011-12, global production of maize to rise by four per cent from increased production in Argentina, Brazil, China, Russia, and Ukraine.
Global rice output is also likely to get a boost in 2011-12 due to an expected bumper harvest in India following very favourable monsoon rains. These production gains in some markets underscore the critical need to keep international markets open, to get food where it is needed, provide incentives to farmers who expand production, and avoid panic behavior created by export bans.
While a troubled global economy could dampen demand and push food prices down, the effect on developing countries would be mixed-hurting food exporting countries and poor producers in rural areas, and benefiting food importers and consumers. The problem, Food Price Watch warns, is that developing countries might have now limited resources to protect vulnerable populations following the economic crisis and stimulus spending.
In addition, fears associated with the global economy may affect medium to long-term investments in agricultural research and more productive agricultural techniques, especially amid persistent volatility. Among the ongoing efforts to improve volatility-related information, the G-20 agriculture ministers introduced the Agricultural Market Information System (AMIS), officially launched in September, to increase market transparency on the short-term global food outlook, especially stocks, and to identify abnormal international market conditions in order to prompt early responses.
"The food crisis is far from over,” said World Bank Group president Robert B Zoellick, who has urged the G-20 to put food first. "Prices remain volatile and millions of people around the world are still suffering. The World Bank has been working closely with the French Presidency of the G-20 and our partner international organisations on actions to protect the most vulnerable from the dangers of food price volatility, while also addressing some of its root causes.
"Let's remember, averting crisis is not just about banks and debt," he said, adding that millions of people around the world face a daily crisis of hunger and malnutrition.
The Group of 20 heads of government, who will meet in Cannes on November 3-4 to discuss the global economy, are expected to endorse a package of concrete actions to improve transparency and policy coordination to detect and correct problems early; to help countries manage price volatility using sound risk management tools; to promote more productive and resilient agriculture; and to get food to the needy fast through emergency regional humanitarian food reserves and agreement not to ban exports of food for World Food Programme (WFP).
As the world population reaches a staggering seven billion people, it is more important than ever for the global community to galvanise around actions to improve food security.