‘Thermal Gun Gang’ leads the way, private sector trails behind
Nepal’s economy today has taken a bizarre turn, much like the plot of the once-famous Bollywood psychological suspense thriller Karthik Calling Karthik.
Despite contributing 81.55% to the country’s GDP and nearly 86% to employment generation, Nepal’s private sector now faces a severe institutional and moral crisis. Instead of focusing on merit, capacity, competition, and economic contribution, the private sector is increasingly aligning itself with vested interest groups like the so-called ‘Thermal Gun Gang’.
Like the protagonist in Karthik Calling Karthik, Nepal's private sector seems to be going through a psychological breakdown. This 2010 Hindi psychological suspense thriller that follows the story of Karthik Narayan, a shy and introverted man constantly undermined by his boss and haunted by a troubled past – like Nepal’s private sector –struggles with low self-esteem and a sense of worthlessness, until one day he begins receiving mysterious phone calls from someone claiming to be, himself. These calls, which come every morning at 5 am, guide him on how to take charge of his life. These calls and advice transform Karthik’s life. Like Karthik Nepal’s private sector suffers from a severe psychological condition – schizophrenia with dissociative identity disorder.
As a result, Nepal’s private sector that once stood as the backbone of the economy is now, due to illusion, forced to follow middlemen. The 'middleman economy,’ a term frequently used by communists to discredit market forces, seems to be a reality, and ironically thanks to communists themselves. Having said that, the Nepali Congress cannot be absolved either for its role in nurturing this middleman economy, in recent years.
On one side are hardworking entrepreneurs operating with limited resources, taking risks, and creating jobs. And on the other side are vested interest groups like the ‘Thermal Gun Gang,’ who use their access to politicians to hack the policy, and institutionalize policy corruption.
These groups aren’t interested in industrial innovation or promoting entrepreneurship, rather, aim to control licensed and quota-based trades by capturing the financial sector through their henchmen in the regulatory institutions, like Securities Board of Nepal (SEBON), and Nepal Insurance Authority (NIA). Tragically, the government itself has become a partner to these vested interest groups.
This trend became increasingly visible during the political transition following 2006/07, and particularly after 2015/16. Vested interested groups like the ‘Thermal Gun Gang’ began infiltrating policymaking processes and hacked the policies, due to their unrestricted access to bedrooms from Baluwatar to Balkot to Budhanilkantha, and Khumaltar. As a result, laws and regulations are being changed overnight. No one knows when laws governing a particular industry might suddenly shift. And ironically, everyone knows who is behind these changes—but fear and psychological intimidation prevent anyone from speaking out.
Due to this fear, some once-respected industrialists and entrepreneurs have now begun collaborating with such vested interested groups, becoming agents of ‘middleman economy’.
For vested interested groups like ‘Thermal Gun Gang’, Nepal landing on the Financial Action Task Force’s (FATF) grey or black list is of little concern, and obviously the nation is secondary; their only goal is to capture the financial sector and paralyze the economy. But history tells that such ‘middlemen’, including those with access to the Prime Minister’s bedroom, have existed in the past too, and today, they are nowhere to be found. Likewise, today’s powerbrokers will also vanish in thin air tomorrow. But strong, vibrant, free, fair, and competitive private sector is the need of a country – to propel through prosperity and development – yesterday, today and tomorrow as well.
Despite the fact, when news reports are published exposing the ‘Thermal Gun Gang’ and their allies, court orders are misused to threaten, censor, and suppress the media, creating an environment of fear. This is not only an attack on press freedom but also on public accountability. Even more alarming is that courts have started issuing orders to prevent reporting on the activities of public figures – something that directly contradicts the fundamental principles of Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal’s Constitution. This environment is more dangerous than the Panchayat regime, during which even the monarchy faced media scrutiny and courts often defended free speech.
On Sunday, Santosh Narayan Shrestha, the incumbent chair of the SEBON approved an Initial Public Offerings (IPO) for Bungel Hydro – a company in which he himself holds shares. Approving the public issuance of one’s own company’s stock, while serving the office, as the head of the regulatory institution is, thus, a clear case of conflict of interest and moral issue.
Bungel Hydro has constructed a 10.70 MW hydropower project in Bungel municipality of Bajhang district in western Nepal. The hydropower company has investment from Jalajyoti Investment Pvt Ltd (28%), Varun Investment (14%), Jay Ganesh Investment (13%), Shiv Shankar Investment (12%), Bungel Hydro Investment Ltd (12%), and some 21% is held by individual investors. According to a Himal Khabar report detailing shareholdings, the SEBON approved the IPO of Bungel Hydro on Asar 15 (June 29) to issue shares worth Rs 290.5 million. The same report reveals that SEBON chair Shrestha and his family members are among the primary shareholders.
Shareholder records, as published by the Himal Khabar, show that SEBON chair Shrestha himself holds 33,000 shares in Bungel Hydro. His father, Chop Narayan Shrestha, holds 100,000; family members Laxmi Shrestha (33,000), Sanju Shrestha (16,000), and Sunil Narayan Shrestha (33,000) also hold substantial shares. Additionally, a relative, Rajkumar Shrestha, owns 33,000 shares, bringing the family’s total to 545,000 shares. Strangely, while IPO approvals for 11 other companies remain pending, the 12th – SEBON chair Shrestha’s own company – in the pipeline, was fast-tracked and approved. This is deeply suspicious, especially considering that Bungel Hydro has been rated a weak ‘Single B’ with a high risk of defaulting on financial obligations. According to the report, construction of the Bungel Hydro began in 2018 and was targeted for commercial operation by late 2021.
However, delays pushed the operation date to August 2023, with the cost ballooning to over Rs 3.04 billion – resulting in a per-MW cost of Rs 284 million. Generally, per-MW cost of a hydropower project is considered to be at around Rs 200 million.
While there’s no legal provision barring SEBON board members of chair from holding shares in companies issuing IPOs, the ethical conflict, lack of institutional governance, and conflict of interest are undeniable, and also the Securities Act of 2006 and the Code of Conduct for Board Members of 2017 speak on these issues. Thus, this precedent could promote similar unethical behavior in the future, regardless of the amount involved or legal technicalities. The fast-tracked approval for Bungel Hydro’s IPO is a blatant violation of institutional ethics, moral standards, and regulatory impartiality. The SEBON has been, currently, approving one or two IPOs per month. At this pace, clearing all the current IPO in pipeline would take around four years. Yet, SEBON chair Shrestha’s urgency in pushing through a second stock exchange license and fast-tracking his own company’s IPO clearly shows questionable intent.
Many hydropower companies with IPOs worth billions have been left waiting for approval. The fact that Bungel Hydro, 12th in line, got approval while others wait – and no one dares to question it – indicates the Panchayat-era hangover in today’s federal democratic system.
A well-known saying from the Panchayat era was: “The powerful get comfort, while the weak get the law.” Today, even in a democratic republic, laws seem to serve only a privileged few. No wonder the disgraced figures of the Panchayat-era are emboldened to return to the streets, and threaten to throw away the democratic republic and wishes to bring the monarchy back.
Because of the influence of vested interest groups like the ‘Thermal Gun Gang’ across the legislative, the executive and the judiciary, creating an environment of uncertainty, fear, and increased risk has created illusion in the private sector. Like the protagonist in Karthik calling Karthik, Nepal’s private sector, today, suffers from a severe psychological condition – schizophrenia with dissociative identity disorder. And thousands of young people, who might have become entrepreneurs, now see emigration as their best option. Public officials are paid with taxpayers' money and must remain fully accountable to the people. The heads of regulatory institutions must embody high moral standards, transparency, and impartiality. Yet, under Shrestha’s leadership, the SEBON has seriously undermined all these values. The behavior of the board under Santosh Narayan Shrestha suggests that networks of power, not the rule of law, are now dominating regulatory institutions to hack policies and create monopoly businesses, against free, fair, competitive market norms.
If regulatory institutions like SEBON and Nepal Insurance Authority continue to serve as tools for vested interest groups, doing business in Nepal will not just be risky – it will become impossible. But history is very cruel, and it will not forgive those who wreck Nepal’s economy through fear and judicial intimidation. After all, there are countless examples of people who siphoned off wealth by hollowing out the nation, only to find that their money isn’t even safe abroad.
(Published at Nepalkhabar on July 3-- https://en.nepalkhabar.com/news/detail/14468/)
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