New government promises economic austerity, effective service delivery

The newly formed government led by Prime Minister Puspa Kamal Dahal 'Prachanda' has promised economic austerity and effective service delivery.

The first cabinet meeting of Prime Minister Dahal decided not to take the increased salary for the current fiscal year. The budget for the current fiscal year 2022-23 has increased the salary of the government officials, including the ministers. Due to economic crisis, the erstwhile government failed to mobilise the revenue not only falling short of the target but also failing to meet the recurrent expenditure.

Dahal, in the cabinet, also instructed to prioritise good governance, better service delivery and end the hassles faced by people while obtaining passports and licenses. The eight-member cabinet also decided to make arrangements to ensure that citizens can obtain essential documents like passports and driving licences without waiting long in queue. Passport and driving licence-obtaining processes in Nepal are complicated and mismanaged, which has forced service seekers to stand in queue for hours from early morning. Likewise, there is a lot of complaints of bribery and forgery.

The new government has decided to make efforts to reform the service delivery of government offices to make the public feel change.

Talking to journalists after the first cabinet meeting today evening, Dahal said the cabinet has been formed as per the people's mandate. "Challenges galore ahead," he said, adding that the first meeting of his cabinet decided to take stock of the economic crisis and identify solutions.

Earlier in the afternoon, Dahal also instructed not to buy extravagant goods at Baluwatar, the official residence of the Prime Minister, where he will be shifting day after.

According to Prime Minister Dahal's personal secretary Ramesh Malla, the Prime Minister has instructed not to buy any luxury goods for his use. Dahal courted controversy, during his first tenure as Prime Minister, as he was blamed for buying a bed worth Rs 1 million for him.

Dahal was sworn-in as the 44th Prime Minister of Nepal at the President Office at Sheetal Niwas today and formed an eight-member cabinet immediately.

Unprecedented shocks rattle South Asia, exacerbating challenges and dampening growth

Beset with Sri Lanka’s economic crisis, Pakistan’s catastrophic floods, a global slowdown, and impacts of the war in Ukraine, South Asia faces an unprecedented combination of shocks on top of the lingering scars of the Covid-19 pandemic. Growth in the region is dampening, says the World Bank in its twice-a-year update, underscoring the need for countries to build resilience.

Released today, the latest ‘South Asia Economic Focus, Coping with Shocks: Migration and the Road to Resilience’, projects regional growth to average 5.8 per cent this year - a downward revision of 1 percentage point from the forecast made in June. This follows growth of 7.8 per cent in 2021, when most countries were rebounding from the pandemic slump.

While economic distress is weighing down all South Asian countries, some are coping better than others. Exports and the services sector in India, the region’s largest economy, have recovered more strongly than the world average while its ample foreign reserves served as a buffer to external shocks. The return of tourism is helping to drive growth in Maldives, and to a lesser extent in Nepal—both of which have dynamic services sectors. The combined effects of Covid-19 and the record-high commodity prices due to the war in Ukraine took a heavier toll on Sri Lanka, exacerbating its debt woes and depleting foreign reserves, the report reads, adding that plunged into its worst-ever economic crisis, Sri Lanka’s real GDP is expected to fall by 9.2 per cent this year and a further 4.2 per cent in 2023. “High commodity prices also worsened Pakistan’s external imbalances, bringing down its reserves. After devastating climate-change-fueled floods submerged one-third of the country this year, its outlook remains subject to significant uncertainty.”

“Pandemics, sudden swings in global liquidity and commodity prices, and extreme weather disasters were once tail-end risks,” World Bank vice president for South Asia Martin Raiser said, adding, “In the face of these shocks, countries need to build stronger fiscal and monetary buffers, and reorient scarce resources towards strengthening resilience to protect their people.”

Inflation in South Asia, caused by elevated global food and energy prices and trade restrictions that worsened food insecurity in the region, is expected to rise to 9.2 per cent this year before gradually subsiding. The resulting squeeze on real income is severe, particularly for the region’s poor who spend a large share of their income on food.

South Asia’s migrant workers, many of whom are employed in the informal sector, were disproportionately affected when restrictions to movement were imposed during Covid-19. However, the later phase of the pandemic has highlighted the crucial role migration can play in facilitating recovery. Survey data from the report suggests that in late 2021 and early 2022, migration flows are associated with movement from areas hit hard by the pandemic to those that were not, thus helping equilibrate demand and supply of labour in the aftermath of the Covid-19 shock.

“Labour mobility across and within countries enables economic development by allowing people to move to locations where they are more productive,” World Bank chief economist for South Asia Hans Timmer said, adding that it also helps adjust to shocks such as climate events to which South Asia’s rural poor are particularly vulnerable. “Removing restrictions to labour mobility is vital to the region’s resilience and its long-term development.”

To this end, the report also offers two recommendations. Firstly, cutting the costs migrants face should be high on the policy agenda. Secondly, policymakers can de-risk migration through several means including more flexible visa policies, mechanisms to support migrant workers during shocks, and social protection programmes.

फेरि राजनीतिको चेपुवामा अर्थतन्त्र

२०६७ चैत १५ गते तत्कालीन अर्थ सचिव रामेश्वर खनाल मुख्य सचिव माधव घिमिरेलाई भेटेर आफ्नो राजीनामा बुझाउन गए । खनालको कार्यावधि सकिएको थिएन, न त उनीमाथि कुनै आरोप लागेको थियो । त्यसैले मुख्य सचिवले अचम्म मान्दै राजीनामा फिर्ता लिन आग्रह गरे । खनालले आफूले दर्ता शाखामा राजीनामा दर्ता गराइसकेको अनि मुख्य सचिवलाई बोधार्थमात्र दिन आएको बताए, राजीनामा फिर्ता लिन अस्वीकार गरे । केही नलागेपछि मुख्य सचिवले भने, “तपार्इंलाई राष्ट्रिय योजना आयोगमा उपाध्यक्ष बनाउने कुरा थियो तर तपाईं त राजीनामा दिँदै हुनुहुन्छ ।”

तर, खनाल लोभिएनन् । आफ्नो निर्णयमा अडिग नै रहे । “मलाईचाहिँ योजना आयोगमा सदस्य बनाउँला भनिएको थियो,” खनालले त्यो दिनको स्मरण गर्दै कारोबारलाई भने, “मुख्य सचिवकोमा चाहिँ उपाध्यक्ष नै भनिएको रहेछ ।”

खनाल किन लोभिएनन् र राजीनामा दिए ? कारण अघिल्लो साँझ नै उनी अर्थ मन्त्रालयमा आगामी आर्थिक वर्षको बजेटको पाँचांै ड्राफ्ट च्यातेर निस्किएका थिए । किनकी त्यो बजेटको ड्राफ्ट मन्त्रालयभित्र बनेको थिएन । “मैले पाँचांै पटकसम्म सहें । तर पाँचांै ड्राफ्ट च्यातेर घर पुगेपछि छैटौं ड्राफ्ट पनि बनेको थाहा पाएँ । त्यसपछि मैले राजीनामा दिने निर्णय गरें । अर्थ मन्त्रालय बाहिर बन्ने बजेटप्रति मेरो घोर विरोध थियो,” उनले ती दिन सम्झिए, “जब मन्त्रीले मलाई विश्वास नगरेर अर्थ मन्त्रालयबाहिरै बजेटका ड्राफ्ट बनाउँदै देखाउन थाले, मैले विरोध गरें । अति भएपछि राजीनामा गरें ।”

खनालमात्र होइनन्, डा देबेन्द्रराज पाण्डे पनि त्यसअघि उसैगरि राजीनामा गरेर निस्किएका हुन् ।

२०६७ बाट २०७९ सम्म आइपुग्दा एक दशकभन्दा बढी भइसक्यो । यसबीच सिंहदरबार नजिकैको बागमतीमा धेरै पानी बगिसकेको छ । तर, सिंहदरबारमा नीतिगत भ्रष्टाचार भने झन् जब्बर रूपमा जरा गाड्दै छ । मुलुक संघीयतामा गएपछि सिंहदरबारमा नीतिगत भ्रष्टाचारले झन् बढी जरा गाड्नु तथा कर्मचारीतन्त्रले आँखा चिम्लनुले मुलुकको भविष्य फेरि पनि गलत राजनीतिको चेपुवामा परेको छ । नीतिगत भ्रष्टाचारमा किन कर्मचारीतन्त्रले आँखा चिम्लन्छ ? यसको सहज उत्तर दिन्छन् खनाल, “मलाई योजना आयोगको लोभ देखाएझैं राजनीतिक नियुक्ति, राजदूत आदिका लोभ होलान् ।” के कर्मचारीतन्त्रको सानो लोभले मुलुक आर्थिक रूपमा भड्खालोमा जाकिनुपर्ने हो ? उत्तर उनीसँग पनि छैन । किनकि यो व्यक्तिगत सोच हो । “जबसम्म समाजमा ‘मैमात्रै कमाउँ मैमात्रै खाउँ’ भन्ने व्यक्तिवादी चिन्तन हाबी हुन्छ, मुलुक बन्दैन,” अर्थविद् डा. चन्द्रमणि अधिकारी भन्छन् ।

त्यतिमात्रै होइन, हिजो राजनीतिक दलले राजनीतिक क्रान्ति सकिएका कारण अब मुलुकमा आर्थिक क्रान्तिको समय आएको बताउँदा आशावान् बनेका युवापुस्ता तिनै हजुरबुबा उमेरका नेताले आफ्नो भविष्य अनिश्चित बनाइदिएकोमा असन्तुष्ट छन् । त्यसैको उत्तर काठमाडौं महानगरपालिकाको मेयरमा बालेन्द्र शाहको जित हो ।

संघीय गणतन्त्रमा सुशासन नभए पनि हुने, आर्थिक पारदर्शिता नचाहिने तथा जवाफदेही बन्नु नपर्ने होइन, हिजोका केन्द्रिकृत शासन गर्ने वंशवादका प्रणेताभन्दा नागरिकमा बढी अधिकार, सुशासन, आर्थिक पारदर्शिता तथा नेतृत्वको जवाफदेहिता संघीय गणतन्त्रको प्राण हो । प्राण हरण गरेर शासन चलाउन यो २०१७ साल पनि होइन ।

त्यसैले अन्ततः आरोप तथा विवादबीच अर्थमन्त्री जनार्दन शर्माले राजीनामा दिएका छन्, अर्थसचिव मधुकुमार मरासिनी बिदा बसेका छन् । प्रश्न अझै छन्, किन यति धेरै दिन लाग्यो, यी दुईलाई निर्णय गर्न ?

यतिखेर अर्थतन्त्र सहज छैन, श्रीलंका भएको छैन र, हुँदैन पनि । नेपालको अवस्था श्रीलंकाभन्दा झन् खराब हुन्छ, यदि राजनीतिक नेतृत्वले आफ्नो गल्ती स्वीकारेर बाटो परिवर्तन नगरेमा । श्रीलंका दक्षिण एसियमा धेरै सूचकमा अब्बल थियो र अझै छ । दक्षिण एसियामा नेपाल अधिकांश सूचकमा पुछारमा आउँछ । त्यसैले नेपालको अर्थतन्त्र जुन दिशा तथा दशामा छ, श्रीलंकाभन्दा खराब हुने सम्भावना प्रचुर छ । श्रीलंकामा पनि राजनीतिक नेतृत्वको अस्थिर नीतिगत सोच तथा मुलुक कब्जा गर्ने दूराकांक्षाले मुलुक टाट पल्टेको हो । त्यसैले नेपालमा पनि राजनीतिक नेतृत्वले मात्रै मुलुकलाई जोगाउन सक्छ । दक्षिण एसियामा श्रीलंकामात्रै होइन, पाकिस्तान र बंगलादेशको अवस्था पनि नाजुक छ । त्यसैले नेपाल ढुक्क हुने अवस्था छैन ।

अर्थमन्त्री जनार्दन शर्मामाथिको आरोपमा प्रधानमन्त्री तथा उनकै पार्टीका अध्यक्ष यतिका दिनसम्म चुप बस्नु श्रीलंकाको भनक नै हो । राजीनामा समाधान होइन, न त संसदीय छानबिन समिति नै । किनकि माओवादी केन्द्रलाई भित्रैबाट बुझेकाहरुका अनुसार जनार्दन शर्मा माओवादी केन्द्रमा अध्यक्षसँग जति पैसा भए पार्टी कब्जा गर्न सकिन्छ भन्ने सोच बोकेका तीन–चार नेतामध्ये एक हुन् । सायद उनी त्यही मार्गमा जाँदै पनि थिए । तर, कमरेड शर्मा पार्टी कब्जा होइन, मुलुक कब्जा गर्ने अवसरबाट चुकेका छन् । जसरी उनीभन्दा अलिक अगाडिका विद्धान् अर्थमन्त्री डा. युवराज खतिवडा चुके । अर्थमन्त्रीका निजी कुण्ठा तथा राजनीतिक अभिष्टको शिकार मुलुकको अर्थतन्त्र हुनु दुर्भाग्य हो ।

अर्थमन्त्री पदबाट राजीनामा दिनुअघि उनले प्रतिनिधिसभाको रोष्ट्रममा उभिएर आफू के कारणले अनैतिक भएको भन्दै प्रश्न उठाउनेहरुप्रति नै प्रतिप्रश्न गरे । तर, प्रश्न उनले अरुलाई होइन आफ्नै अन्तरआत्मालाई गर्नुपर्छ, किन निजी क्षेत्रलाई व्यवसाय गर्ने प्रतिस्पर्धी वातावरण बनाउन सकेनन् ? (कारोबार)